How are foodborne illnesses primarily spread?

Foodborne illnesses are primarily spread through contaminated surfaces and cross-contamination because these factors directly contribute to the transfer of pathogens from one source to another. When food comes into contact with contaminated surfaces, such as cutting boards, utensils, or countertops that have not been properly cleaned, harmful bacteria can transfer to the food. Cross-contamination occurs when raw foods, particularly meat and poultry, come into contact with ready-to-eat foods, leading to the spread of germs that can cause illness.

This mode of transmission is significant because it highlights the importance of proper sanitation and food handling practices in preventing foodborne diseases. Ensuring that surfaces are cleaned and that raw and cooked foods are kept separate is crucial for maintaining food safety.