Which bacterial infection is known to primarily affect the lungs?

The bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs is tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily targets the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. When tuberculosis infects the lungs, it can cause a range of symptoms, including a persistent cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.

While pneumonia can also impact the lungs and is characterized by inflammation of the air sacs, it can be caused by various pathogens, including viruses and fungi, in addition to bacteria. Strep throat primarily affects the throat and is caused by Streptococcus bacteria, while bronchitis involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes and may not be solely caused by bacterial infections. Therefore, tuberculosis specifically and primarily targets the lung tissue, making it the answer to the question about which bacterial infection primarily affects the lungs.