Which of the following is a common disease caused by bacteria?

Staphylococcus is a common disease caused by bacteria, specifically, it refers to infections that are caused by Staphylococcus bacteria, which are a group of bacteria that can lead to various conditions ranging from skin infections to more serious issues like pneumonia or sepsis. These bacteria are often found on the skin or in the nose of healthy individuals and can cause infections when they enter the body through cuts or abrasions.

In this context, the other options represent different types of health conditions. Chicken pox is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Athlete's foot is a fungal infection, not bacterial, caused by fungi such as Trichophyton. Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Recognizing the different categories of pathogens—bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites—is essential in understanding infectious diseases.